Computer architecture consists of rules and methods or procedures which describe the implementation, functionality of the computer systems. Architecture is built as per the user’s needs by taking care of the economic and financial constraints.
Computer architecture multiple tasks :
1. Direct memory access (DMA): Direct memory access is a capability provided by some computer bus architectures that allows data to be sent directly from an attached device (such as a disk drive) to the memory. sometimes there is need for some devices to access the main memory of the main system without going through the central processing unit of the same, this can be done with help of direct memory access where the device directly is able to access the random – access memory of the system.
2. Virtual memory: Virtual memory is a valuable concept in computer architecture that allows you to run large sophisticated programs on a computer even if it has a relatively small amount of RAM. We know that there are two types of memory in a computer that are logical memory. Sometimes both of these memory exhausted and this leads to a big problem when something urgent need to be done. here comes into play the virtual memory that is kind of a separation between the logical and physical memory.
3. CAM (Content Addressable Memory): CAM is also known as Associate memory, in which the users supplies data word and associate memory searches its entire memory and if the data word is found, it returns the list of addresses where the data word was located. This type of memory that is used in the operations or some applications that require the maximum performance of the system. This type of memory is different from the random access memory because when one goes to fetch data from a RAM, they supply the data that is stored on that address and fulfils the demand whereas, in content addressable memory, the whole of the content is searched to check if that certain type of element or word is present in the whole database or not.
4. Cache memory : Cache memory is a special very high – speed memory. It is used to speed up and synchronizing with a high – speed CPU. Cache memory is an extremely fast memory type that acts as a buffer between RAM and the CPU. Cache memory is used to reduce the average time to access data from the main memory. The Cache is a smaller and faster memory which stores copies of the data from frequently used main memory locations. There is some sort of memory known as the cache memory which stores all the things the systems central processing unit might need in order to perform the tasks given and to make it free from processing to access the same from the main memory, there is cache memory which makes transferring of small things easier for a smoother flow for the system to run.
5. Pipeline: Pipelining is the process of accumulating instruction from the processor through a pipeline. It allows storing and executing instructions in an orderly process. it is also known as pipeline processing. pipelining is something that helps us to improve the way a computer multitasks by just optimizing the task after one another that lead to the maximum efficiency as well as the least power consumption but basically it is a process to make the multitasking of the computer much easy and fast.
6. Parallelism: The term parallelism refers to techniques to make programs faster by performing several computations at the same time. This requires hardware with multiple processing units. Parallel computing is a type of computation in which many calculations or the execution of processes are carried out simultaneously. While processing multiple tasks, it is often assumed that the computer follows a sequence to complete the tasks and they are completed one after another but this is not the case when the computer is working on these tasks in a parallel fashion. This is a method adopted by the arithmetic and logical unit of the computer so as to perform a greater number of tasks in less amount of time.
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